本土台灣住民真正的身份與地位 - 蔡吉源 Gavin Tsai - /052123/HQTG
根據正在生效之舊金山和約，台灣澎湖至今仍為美國軍事佔領地，根據林志昇第一次控告美國忽略臺灣人權保障案(案號: 08-5078) ，2009年4月7日，高等法院布朗法官(Judge Brown)說: 根據正在生效的舊金山和約，所有本土台灣人都是美國國民非公民(US nationals non-citizen defined by Judge Brown of the Court of Appeals, Case No. 08-5078, Lin & et al vs. the United States, April 7, 2009)。ROC流亡到臺灣，不是國家沒有臺澎領土主權和永久的住民(公民)，臺灣住民只是被ROC視同為國民而已 (Lin vs. US&ROC 2015;案號: 1:15-cv-00295-CKK )。
臺灣自治政府遵照美國權責單位指示，遵循「聯合國憲章第73條」，「舊金山和平條約第2、3、4、6、23條」和「美國國內法台灣關係法第15條」，於2013年4月25日，在美國華府完成宣告程序，成立臺灣政府，要求美國允許臺灣由本土臺灣住民高度自治。 再於2013年8月20日經白宮總統簽署臺灣(自治)政府合法化申請案，又於2015年10月19日經參議院審議通過，合法自治。
臺灣自治以後，根據台灣關係法第四條之規定: 美國法律將繼續對臺灣適用，就像1979年1月1日之前，美國法律(包括美國憲法)對臺灣適用的情形一樣(附錄一)。臺灣地區的本土台灣人就可以立即脫離中華民國憲法及各項法律的管轄；並受日內瓦第四公約第47條基本人權的保障！即: 軍事占領當局不得對當地住民課稅、徵兵、收取醫療費用等等剝削措施。這就是為什麼我們有一些人根據這個規定，長期拒絕繳納中華民國的健康保險費，以及臺灣自治政府主張對臺灣公民身分證持有人全面減半課稅的主要的原因。
附錄一:
Section 4: Application of Laws; International Agreements
- The absence of diplomatic relations or recognition shall not affect the application of the laws of the United States with respect to Taiwan, and the laws of the United States shall apply with respect to Taiwan in the manner that the laws of the United States applied with respect to Taiwan prior to January 1, 1979.
- The application of subsection (a) of this section shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
- a. Whenever the laws of the United States refer or relate to foreign countries, nations, states, governments, or similar entities, such terms shall include and such laws shall apply with such respect to Taiwan.
- b. Whenever authorized by or pursuant to the laws of the United States to conduct or carry out programs, transactions, or other relations with respect to foreign countries, nations, states, governments, or similar entities, the President or any agency of the United States Government is authorized to conduct and carry out, in accordance with section 6 of this Act, such programs, transactions, and other relations with respect to Taiwan (including, but not limited to, the performance of services for the United States through contracts with commercial entities on Taiwan), in accordance with the applicable laws of the United States.
- c.
- i. The absence of diplomatic relations and recognition with respect to Taiwan shall not abrogate, infringe, modify, deny, or otherwise affect in any way any rights or obligations (including but not limited to those involving contracts, debts, or property interests of any kind) under the laws of the United States heretofore or hereafter acquired by or with respect to Taiwan.
- ii. For all purposes under the laws of the United States, including actions in any court in the United States, recognition of the People’s Republic of China shall not affect in any way the ownership of or other rights or interests in properties, tangible and intangible, and other things of value, owned or held on or prior to December 31, 1978, or thereafter acquired or earned by the governing authorities on Taiwan.
- d. Whenever the application of the laws of the United States depends upon the law that is or was applicable on Taiwan or compliance therewith, the law applied by the people on Taiwan shall be considered the applicable law for that purpose.
- e. Nothing in this Act, nor the facts of the President’s action in extending diplomatic recognition to the People’s Republic of China, the absence of diplomatic relations between the people on Taiwan and the United States, or the lack of recognition by the United States, and attendant circumstances thereto, shall be construed in any administrative or judicial proceeding as a basis for any United States Government agency, commission, or department to make a finding of fact or determination of law, under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, to deny an export license application or to revoke an existing export license for nuclear exports to Taiwan.
- f. For purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act, Taiwan may be treated in the manner specified in the first sentence of section 202(b) of that Act.
- g. The capacity of Taiwan to sue and be sued in courts in the United States, in accordance with the laws of the United States, shall not be abrogated, infringed, modified, denied, or otherwise affected in any way by the absence of diplomatic relations or recognition.
- h. No requirement, whether expressed or implied, under the laws of the United States with respect to maintenance of diplomatic relations or recognition shall be applicable with respect to Taiwan.
- For all purposes, including actions in any court in the United States, the Congress approves the continuation in force of all treaties and other international agreements, including multilateral conventions, entered into by the United States and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and in force between them on December 31, 1978, unless and until terminated in accordance with law.
- Nothing in this Act may be construed as a basis for supporting the exclusion or expulsion of Taiwan from continued membership in any international financial institution or any other international organization.
臺灣關係法 第四條：法律的適用和國際協定
- 缺乏外交關係或承認將不影嚮美國法律對臺灣的適用，美國法律將繼續對臺灣適用，就像1979年1月1日之前，美國法律對臺灣適用的情形一樣。
- 前項所訂美國法律之適用，包括下述情形，但不限於下述情形：
- a. 當美國法律中提及外國、外國政府或類似實體、或與之有關之時，這些字樣應包括臺灣在內，而且這些法律應對臺灣適用；
- b. 依據美國法律授權規定，美國與外國、外國政府或類似實體所進行或實施各項方案、交往或其他關係，美國總統或美國政府機構獲准，依據本法第六條規定，遵照美國法律同樣與臺灣進行或實施上述各項方案、交往或其他關係（包括和臺灣的商業機構締約，為美國提供服務）。
- c-i 美國對臺灣缺乏外交關係或承認，並不消除、剝奪、修改、拒絕或影響以前或此後臺灣依據美國法律所獲得的任何權利及義務（包括因契約、債務關係及財產權益而發生的權利及義務）。
- c-ii 為了各項法律目的，包括在美國法院的訴訟在內，美國承認「中華人民共和國」之舉，不應影響臺灣統治當局在1978年12月31日之前取得或特有的有體財產或無體財產的所有權，或其他權利和利益，也不影響臺灣當局在該日之後所取得的財產。
- d.當適用美國法律，須引據遵照臺灣現行或舊有法律，則在臺灣島上的人民(the people on Taiwan) 所適用的法律應被引據遵照。
- e.不論本法律任何條款，或是美國總統給予「中華人民共和國」外交承認之舉、或是在臺灣島上的人民 (the people on Taiwan) 和美國之間沒有外交關係、美國對臺灣缺乏承認、以及此等相關情勢，均不得被美國政府各部門解釋為，依照1954年原子能法及1978年防止核子擴散法， 在行政或司法程序中決定事實及適用法律時，得以拒絕對臺灣的核子輸出申請，或是撤銷已核准的輸出許可證。
- f. 至於移民及國籍法方面，應根據該法202項（b）款規定對待臺灣。
- g. 臺灣依據美國法律在美國法院中起訴或應訴的能力，不應由於欠缺外交關係或承認，而被消除、剝奪、修改、拒絕或影響。
- h.美國法律中有關維持對台灣外交關係或承認的規定，不論明示或默示，均無關緊要。
- 為了各種目的，包括在美國法院中的訴訟在內，國會同意美國和（美國在1979年1月1日前承認為中華民國的）臺灣當局，所締結的一切條約和國際協定（包括多國公約），至1978年12月31日仍然有效者，將繼續維持效力，直至依法終止為止。
- 本法律任何條款均不得被解釋為，美國贊成把臺灣排除或驅逐出任何國際金融機構或其他國際組織。
Section 6: The American Institute of Taiwan (AIT)
- Programs, transactions, and other relations conducted or carried out by the President or any agency of the United States Government with respect to Taiwan shall, in the manner and to the extent directed by the President, be conducted and carried out by or through–
- a. The American Institute in Taiwan, a nonprofit corporation incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia, or
- b. such comparable successor nongovermental entity as the President may designate, (hereafter in this Act referred to as the “Institute”).
- Whenever the President or any agency of the United States Government is authorized or required by or pursuant to the laws of the United States to enter into, perform, enforce, or have in force an agreement or transaction relative to Taiwan, such agreement or transaction shall be entered into, performed, and enforced, in the manner and to the extent directed by the President, by or through the Institute.
- To the extent that any law, rule, regulation, or ordinance of the District of Columbia, or of any State or political subdivision thereof in which the Institute is incorporated or doing business, impedes or otherwise interferes with the performance of the functions of the Institute pursuant to this Act; such law, rule, regulation, or ordinance shall be deemed to be preempted by this Act.
第六條：美國在台協會
- a.美國總統或美國政府各部門與臺灣人民進行實施的各項方案、交往或其他關係，應在總統指示的方式或範圍內，經由或透過下述機構來進行實施：
- 美國在台協會，這是一個依據哥倫此亞特區法律而成立的一個非營利法人；
- 總統所指示成立，繼承上述協會的非政府機構。（以下將簡稱「該協會」。）
- b.美國總統或美國政府各部門依據法律授權或要求，與臺灣達成、進行或實施協定或交往安排時，此等協定或交往安排，應依美國總統指示的方式或範圍，經由或透過該協會達成、進行或實施。
- c.該協會設立或執行業務所依據的哥倫比亞特區、各州或地方政治機構的法律、規章、命令，阻撓或妨礙該協會依據本法律執行業務時，此等法律、規章、命令的效力應次於本法 (所以，臺灣關係法超越各州法律，位階等同憲法)。
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